please dont rip this site

Parity Data Link Error Detection / Correction Method

A parity bit is a bit that is appended to a bit stream to make the total number of "1" bits in a given set of bits always even or odd. Parity checks are the simplest error detecting system.

For example, if we send some specific sequence of ones and zeros, and then count the number of ones that we sent and send an extra 1 if that count is odd (making the total now even) or an extra 0 if that count is already even, a single bit error can be detected: The reciever can count up the number of 1 bits they recieved, perform the same calculation, and if the result is not even, they will know that an error occured.

Parity checks have serious limitations: The reciever has no way of knowing which bit was wrong, and if two bits were changed in value (e.g. a pair of 1's are both changed to 0's) then the errors would pass undetected.

There are two types of parity: even and odd. An even parity bit is set to 1 if the number of ones in a given set of bits is odd (making the total number of ones, including the parity bit, even). An odd parity bit is set to 1 if the number of ones in a given set of bits is even (making the total number of ones, including the parity bit, odd).

Even parity is actually a special case of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), where the 1-bit CRC is generated by the polynomial x+1.

Parity calculated vertically, along the columns of many sets of bits, is called an LRC or Longitudinal Redundancy Check

The job of summing up the ones in a stream of bits is commonly performed by the XOR logic function. In this case, the XOR can be thought of as counting the ones, although what it really does is produce a 1, when it's inputs are different and a 0 when it's inputs are the same. It turns out the result is the same. For example, If we take the bits 1 0 1 1 and add them up, we get 3, which is odd, so even parity would be 1. If we take the first bit and XOR it with the second, we get 1, because they are different. Then we take that result, 1, and XOR it with the next bit of data, also a 1 to get a 0, because they are the same. Finally, the 0 and the last 1 are different and so we end up with a 1. You can try that with any example you like, the end result is the same: XOR is even parity.

Questions:


file: /Techref/method/error/parity.htm, 3KB, , updated: 2010/9/28 02:23, local time: 2024/10/5 11:54,
TOP NEW HELP FIND: 
35.170.81.33:LOG IN
©2024 PLEASE DON'T RIP! THIS SITE CLOSES OCT 28, 2024 SO LONG AND THANKS FOR ALL THE FISH!

 ©2024 These pages are served without commercial sponsorship. (No popup ads, etc...).Bandwidth abuse increases hosting cost forcing sponsorship or shutdown. This server aggressively defends against automated copying for any reason including offline viewing, duplication, etc... Please respect this requirement and DO NOT RIP THIS SITE. Questions?
Please DO link to this page! Digg it! / MAKE!

<A HREF="http://www.piclist.com/tecHREF/method/error/parity.htm"> Parity Data Link Error Detection / Correction Method</A>

After you find an appropriate page, you are invited to your to this massmind site! (posts will be visible only to you before review) Just type a nice message (short messages are blocked as spam) in the box and press the Post button. (HTML welcomed, but not the <A tag: Instead, use the link box to link to another page. A tutorial is available Members can login to post directly, become page editors, and be credited for their posts.


Link? Put it here: 
if you want a response, please enter your email address: 
Attn spammers: All posts are reviewed before being made visible to anyone other than the poster.
Did you find what you needed?

  PICList 2024 contributors:
o List host: MIT, Site host massmind.org, Top posters @none found
- Page Editors: James Newton, David Cary, and YOU!
* Roman Black of Black Robotics donates from sales of Linistep stepper controller kits.
* Ashley Roll of Digital Nemesis donates from sales of RCL-1 RS232 to TTL converters.
* Monthly Subscribers: Gregg Rew. on-going support is MOST appreciated!
* Contributors: Richard Seriani, Sr.
 

Welcome to www.piclist.com!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  .